Macro and Micro Nutrients

Macro and Micro Nutrients Nutrition is basically the process absorbing, consuming and using nutrients needed for the growth of the body, maintenance and development of the life (Wikipedia, 2009). Nutrients are basically chemical substances in foods that strive to nourish the body. Many nutrients in the body can be synthesized. Those nutrients that cannot be synthesized in the body are known as the essential nutrients that are a must to be consumed in the diet. These nutrients include amino acids which are found in proteins, minerals and proteins and certain fatty acids. From the 20 amino acid nutrients, nine of them are known as the essential nutrients. If the essential or necessary nutrients are not supplied in the quantities that are required, deficiencies disorders of nutrition can be the outcome (SHARMA, 2012). To determine as to whether the person is getting the right amount of nutrients a doctor usually examines and asks about the diet and the eating habits, performs a physical assessment to examine the composition (the amount of muscle and fat), and the body functioning. Finally the doctor orders the laboratory tests to measure the exact content of tissues and blood. In general the nutrients are divided into two classes, micro nutrients and macro nutrients. The macro nutrients including fats, carbohydrates, proteins and some minerals are usually required daily in large quantities. They usually make up the bulk of supply and diet, the energy and building blocks required for the growth, activity and maintenance. Micro nutrients on the other hand are required in small quantities usually in milligrams which are calculated to be 1000th of the gram, and one millionth of a gram in micro grams. They usually include trace minerals and vitamins that catalyze the exact utilization of the macronutrients. Other needy components of the food arent metabolized or digested to any kind of an appreciable extent. The components usually consist of fibers such as the pectin, cellulose and gums. The authorities recommend that twenty grams of fiber should be consumed every day to improve the movement and motion in the gastrointestinal tract, normalize the changes in cho lesterol and blood sugar that usually occurs after meals, and maximize the elimination of the cancer causing substances that the bacteria in the large intestine usually produces. The food additives including emulsifiers, preservatives, stabilizers and antioxidants improve the production, processing packaging and storage of foods. The substances such as the flavors, spices, colors, odors, phytochemicals and many other natural products enhance the taste, appearance, taste and stability of foods. The food in the daily diet usually includes or can contain as much as 100000 substances, out of which around 300 are the nutrients, and around 45 are the nutrients that are essential. TYPES OF NUTRITION MACRO NUTRIENTS The organic macro nutrients are usually the fats, carbohydrates and proteins, and they supply around 90% of the dry weight of the diet and energy of around 100%. They are usually digested into the intestine and then they are always broken down into their core or basic units; the glycerol and fatty acids from fat, sugars from the carbohydrates and the amino acids from the proteins. The energy content is usually 4 calories in one gram of carbohydrate or protein and 9 calories in a gram of fat. As the main sources of fats, carbohydrates, energy, and proteins are usually interchangeable in part or proportion to their content of energy. The intake of energy varies a lot from around 1000 to 4000 calories every day depending on the sex, age and physical activity (SELFNUTRITIONDATA, 2012). Ideally the young children, sedentary women, and older adults need around 1600 calories every day. On the other hand older children, sedentary men and adult women need about 2000 calories every day. The young men and adolescent boys need around 2400 calories a day. Around 55% of the calories usually come from carbohydrates, 15% come from protein and around 30% come from fats. If the energy intake is less or insufficient for the bodys needs and requirements, then the act of weight loss comes into play, and the fat that is stored in the body and the protein to a lesser extent is used to supply the energy that is needed for everyday survival. Total starvation can usually cause death in the period of around 8 weeks to 12 weeks. The necessary fatty acids contribute to around 7% of the fat that is consumed in the normal diet, which is thought of to be around 8 grams or 3% of the total calories, and therefore are considered to be macronutrients. They usually include linolenic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachdidonic acid and docosahexaenpoic acid. The linolenic and the linoleic acid are usually found in the vegetable oils, docosahexaeoic and eicosapentaenoic acid is necessary for the development of the brain and is usually found in the fish oils. In the body the arachidonic and docosahexeonic acid can be created from the linotenic acid despite the fact the fish oil is a more efficient source. Usually the macro minerals are the phosphorus, calcium, sodium, chloride, magnesium and potassium. These macro minerals are considered to be macro nutrients because they are required in large amount of quantities which can be around 1 to 2 grams a day. water which is also a macro nutrient is usually required in the quantities of around 1 millilitre for each calorie of energy or in the range of 2500 milliliters a day. MICRO NUTRIENTS Vitamins and trace minerals are usually known as the micro nutrients. The vitamins are usually classified as water soluble, and this includes eight members of the vitamin B complex and the vitamin C, or fat soluble which includes the vitamins D, A, E and K (SHARMA, 2012). the essential trace minerals usually include the zinc, iron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, iodide, selenium, and fluoride. All of the minerals usually activate the enzymes needed in the metabolism except for the fluoride. Fluoride usually creates a stable compound with calcium, aiding in stabilizing the mineral content of teeth and bones and helping in preventing the tooth decay. Trace minerals including chromium, arsenic, cobalt, silicon, nickel and vanadium which might be essential in animal nutrition have not been usually established as the fundamentals in human nutrition. All the trace minerals are said to be toxic at the upper or higher levels and some minerals such as the nickel, arsenic and chromium have bee n pointed out as the causes of cancer. Healthy diet and dietary tools A healthy diet plan is essential in order for one to lead a healthy life. Thus the correct food choices are essential (Hill) Meals or foods with starch because these foods can provide you with a lot of energy Eat a lot of vegetables and fruits every day. Preferred is to eat 5 varieties of fruits and vegetables every day. Eating more fish can be very beneficial. It is preferred to eat two potions of fish every week. Reduce the usage of salt in your everyday. It is preferred to eat no more than 6 gram of salt per day. Minimize the usage of saturated fat and sugar. Exercise daily and keep your weight healthy. Healthy weight is essential for health. Drink a lot of water since it has no side effect. Preferred intake of daily water is 6-8 glasses. Breakfast is essential and should not be skipped because it gives you all the required energy you need for the day. Bread, eggs, butter and milk can be a good source of breakfast. If above dietary plan is properly followed it will lead to a person having a healthy life and free from any kinds of diseases, physical problems and stress. CONCLUSION Overall nutrients are an essential part of the life of a human being that are required in each and every stage of the life. It is basically the process of absorbing, consuming and using nutrients needed for the growth of the body, maintenance and development of the life. Nutrients are basically che mical substances in foods that strive to nourish the body. Therefore they need to be taken in essential quantities so as to nourish the body of the human beings. Both the macro nutrients and micro nutrients are an essential part of this nutrient process. The macro nutrients normally include the fats, carbohydrates and protein, whereas the macro nutrients usually include the vitamins and trace minerals. What the person or a human being needs to know is that what is the right quantity for him or her to consume and as to what combination of the fats, proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins are essential for them. When the persons are well aware of these things then they are able to eat a healthy diet and usually stay healthy all their life.

Marketing and Soft Drink Concentrate Essay

The brand Rasna is owned by Pioma Industries that introduced the concept of Soft Drink Concentrate (SDC), a segment that had been created and nurtured by the company in the Indian beverages Market. The brand was originally launched by the name of ‘Jaffe’ in 1976 and marketed with the help of Voltas, but was renamed to ‘Rasna’ in 1979. When the product did not do as well as it was expected, in 1983, the advertising was handed over to an advertising agency named Mudra Communications Ltd. Pioma Industries Limited is perhaps not a familiar name for the average Indian consumer. But Pioma’s brand Rasna is very well known. In fact, the name Rasna is almost a generic name for soft drink concentrates in Indian beverages market. Rasna’s extremely popular advertisements with the tagline â€Å"I love you Rasna† had become an integral part of the Indian advertising folklore. In March, 2002, Pioma announced a radical overhauling of its strategies for the Rasna Brand. This development was rather unexpected, as the brand had been lying dormant since long. Rasna is the market leader in the 250 Crore Indian soft drink concentrate industry. The SDC industry is miniscule compared to the 5000 crore carbonated soft drink industry (CSD). The powdered soft drink concentrate industry is worth around 90 crore. During the ‘80s, Soft Drink Concentrate (SDC) was not a known concept. For the consumers, Soft Drinks were just the aerated drinks which could be purchased in bottles and were usually consumed outdoors. Rasna came, and changed the whole mind set. COMPETITORS IN THE MARKET As the pioneers in Concentrated Soft Drink Industry in India, Rasna, never had to face any threatening from any of its competitors, be it a global player or a small local company. Powder concentrate occupy 85% of the total soft drinks concentrate market. Here, in this study, we are considering both Powder and Syrup CSD as competition for the Brand Rasna. Following are some of the competitors who tried to make their mark in the 250 Crore Indian soft drink concentrate industry: 1. Tang- Kraft Foods. 2. Sunfill- Coca Cola. 3. Fanta Fun Times- Coca Cola. 4. Sugarfree D’lite- Zydus Cadila. 5. Kissan Mr Fruit- Hindustan Unilever. The journey of a brand is not always easy. The market is very dynamic and a brand needs to keep a track of the changes in the market. Rasna had to face such challenges too. But it is the resurrection this brand has shown, through strategic marketing, in all instances that makes it stand out and lead the market. MARKET SHARE Rasna has always been recognised at large for Brand and Company. It ranks No.1 in the beverages category as â€Å"Most Trusted Brand of India†. It is listed among the top 15 brands in the country. It was awarded as the most preferred brand in the SDC category at the FMCG Most Preferred Awards 2003 and 2004 and Consumer World Award 2004. It has pioneered not only with its strong marketing strategies but also with its proper scaled distribution chain. Rasna has always concentrated on its marketing and brand building and has achieved an expertise in flavour technology. Its efficient management in production and market environments has harnessed to bring to the global consumers, technologically superior products in fruits, vegetables, beverages and confectioneries and to stand as the leader in processed food industry. Rasna has adequate and in-depth knowledge and information on Market sizes and behaviours, Growth prospects, Project Viabilities, Government Policies, Finances etc. and access to more, enabling the company to respond fast to any proposal with suitable recommendation. It believes that there is a huge and emerging market for Rasna’s kind of product range, all over the world. Rasna is capable of managing global sized manufacturing set-ups working on the most advanced technologies to cater to the huge markets, locally and globally. Rasna has managed to dominate the colossal SDC market because of its massive International operations. One of Rasna’s biggest strength is its marketing and sales set-up, through which millions of customers worldwide is experiencing the flavour of satisfaction. It provides a strong and pro-active marketing support to its distributors and importers around the world- just so that their products stand out and apart on the shelves. Timely delivery schedules of its products anywhere in the world are what have helped them to reach a strong position in the global market. Rasna has its offices in the following countries: * USA and Canada * UK and Europe * Saudi Arabia * Russia * Fiji This strong chain of distribution to large number of countries within a stipulated period of time has helped the brand gain a reputation in the market. It has also helped Rasna in creating enormous business relations all over the globe. The countries which imports Rasna products globally are as under: In recent years, the brand has had to face off challenges, though not from its direct competitors. International soft drink giants like Coca-Cola (Sunfill) and Kraft Foods (Tang) have introduced competitor products in the market. PepsiCo India too is gearing to launch a glucose-based ready-to-drink beverage under the Lehar brand that will be sold at price point of Rs.5 for a 200 ml stock-keeping unit. All of them have deep marketing pockets and standard products to lure customers away from Rasna. Even the profile of Rasna’s target audience is changing. Kids today are a lot more aware, and their parents don’t mind buying more expensive ready-to-drink products, which the MNCs have. But, true to its entrepreneurial spirit, Rasna is not about to give any ground to its rivals. Though some analysts feel that Rasna has been slow to react to the competition, Piruz Khambatta, Chairman, Rasna, still dismisses the challenge saying â€Å"water is our only competition.† According to the 2010 data, Rasna leads the SDC market. The market shares of Rasna and all the competitors are as follows: * Rasna- 97.2 % * Coca-Cola’s Sunfill – 2% * Sugarfree D’lite- 0.2% * Kissan Mr Fruit- 0.1% and * Tang- 0.5%. COMPARTIVE STUDY ON 4 Ps SCALE The Marketing Mix: Here in this study of the Brand Rasna, we are comparing the brand with its competitors available in the market on the scale of the 4 Ps. The 4 Ps of the marketing mix are: 1. Product. 2. Price. 3. Promotion. 4. Place. Product Line of Rasna: Rasna began with 9 flavours in 1982, and added the 10th in the year 1987. The company was revamped in the year 2002. * In 2002, Rasna changed its look and came up with a new logo. * The tagline of the company was also changed and with a new tagline â€Å"Relish a Gain†, Rasna has tried a deep penetration in the rural and semi-urban market. The Price of Rasna: Accessing all socio-economic class: Rasna’s sole goal has been always to make profit with the volume sale. The pricing strategy has always been the key of Rasna’s success. It targeted the mass rather than the class. * Rasna has always made its products in such a way that it can be accessible to all socio-economic classes. * Its volume sale starts at as low as 1 popular in the name of 1 ka 2. * The added sugar product Rasna Frootplus starts from 2 and goes up to 105 for the family pack. * The box pack has a starting price of 10 which can make 12 glasses of drink and is known popularly as 10 ka 12. * The family box pack is available at 35 which is enough for 32 glasses of water. * Rasna has some skus which are very interesting for regular use. The air tight jar has different pack size with price range starting from Rs.75. The company is constantly focussing on the rural market of India. So, accurate pricing is very important for the company’s growth. For Rasna, accurate pricing has been the key growth driver. They understood that the Indian market is highly segmented. And making products targeting each segment has helped a lot. Whereas pricing has been the key growth factor for Rasna, the competitors have not been able to enjoy that benefit of pricing. Only Tang is available at a sachet of 2 which is again meant for making 1 glass of drink. Likewise, the other competitors cannot even come close to the pricing strategy of Rasna. Promotion: Adding an Emotional Touch: Rasna has from its inception relied heavily on advertisement. The famous mass media campaign, â€Å"I love you Rasna† was one of India’s longest running TV ad. * The promotion of Rasna always highlighted a strong connection with its customers through brand association. * Rasna has always created a brand value by emotionally attaching the customer to their brand. * Focus of the promotion is always to promote the quality of Rasna. * Rasna spends a lot on Research on the target audience, and promotes there products accordingly. * Rasna has used child characters in their advertising campaigns, and through them the company emphasised on the quality of products which was an effective way of promotion. * Rasna has done a great deal to understand the pain of summer and to deliver a product which will ease the pain. This kind of unique and innovative marketing ideas and campaigns made Rasna the monopoly in the Soft Drink Concentrate industry till the time the competitors entered the market. Even now, no brand has been able to beat the promotional campaigns of Rasna. Going by the set standards of Rasna, we can say that the competitors have spent very less time and money understanding the Indian market and the promotional activities that works in the India. Place: Distribution Channel of Rasna: The distribution channel of Rasna follows 3 to 5 tier architecture. It follows the Super-Sub concept of distribution. The steps are as follows: 1. First the product produced in a factory which is strategically located to minimise the transportation cost. 2. The packed product is sent to various company depots across the country to distribute and meet the respective market demand. 3. From the company depot, the product is delivered to the different super stockists according to their previously placed order. 4. Then the goods are sent to the sub stockists or in some cases to the wholesale store. 5. The secondary sale from the super stockist or the sub stockist is ensured by the constant monitoring by the company personal. Rasna follows different distribution channel model according to local market demand. But for every model the end goal of the company is to deliver a quality product to the end user. With a distribution channel consisting of 35 depots across the country and 1.8 million retail outlets Rasna is bound to be the leader. Among the competitors the only one that has a good and competitive network of distribution is Sunfill by Coca Cola, but still they are not able to compete as availability with retailers is not as widespread as Rasna. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE The competitive advantages of Rasna are listed below: * Being the Pioneer in the market Rasna is well known and very much trusted in the Indian market. * Being in the market for a long time, Rasna knows the Indian taste the best. * Having 7 state of the art production units across the country, the production is never disturbed for any reason. * Because of the widespread distribution network, it is more close to the public. * The marketing strategies used by the company are of superior standard. * Last but not the least, the pricing of the product, which is so low that it is affordable by the lowest segment of the pyramid also. The competitive advantages of Tang are: * Being one of the largest brands of the world, Tang has the sustainability even if it is hit at the beginning. * Tang is available in variety of flavours based on local consumer’s preference. * Tang is fortified with vitamins and minerals. * It is available as powdered and ready to drink bottles. * The powdered Tang is available at low cost. The Competitive advantages of Sunfill are: * Being a brand owned by Coca Cola, the distribution cost is cheaper, so can offer the product at a low and competitive price. * The taste is superior compared to other competitive brands. * Setting up of a production unit close to the target customer segment will help in better marketing. * The company can spend substantial amount on advertising and promotion. The Competitive advantages of Sugarfree D’lite are: * It is a brand owned by a medical company, so people have trust in the product. * It contains no sugar, so it is healthier. * Has medicinal advantages. * Helps in controlling blood sugar level, at the same time gives the pleasures of a soft drink. The Competitive advantages of Kissan Mr. fruit are: * It is there in the market for a long time, so knows the customer taste and preferences. * Tastier than many of the competitor products. * Supply chain is quite strong as it’s a product owned by Hindustan Unilever. SUGGESTIONS FOR GAINING UPPER MARKET SHARE As we conclude the study on the No.1 Soft Drink Concentrate in India, Rasna, I have the following suggestions to make so that the company can gain more market share and continue to be the leader of the industry: Product- In terms of product, the following can be done: 1. Try to minimise waste in production, so that the cost of production comes down further. 2. Venture into new products, like ready to drink bottled drinks. 3. Try producing sugar free products so that even a diabetic patient can enjoy the drinks. 4. Health drinks and energy drinks is another field where the company can venture into. 5. Backward integration is another option that can be suggested to minimise the cost of production. Price- the Company can be more price effective and in turn can gain more market share if, 1. More products are offered in the lower price category. 2. Price be reduced for the larger quantity cartons or bottles. 3. New and introductory products are sold for lesser price so that people are interested in trying the new things. Promotion- In terms of promotion, the company can follow the following suggestions: 1. Use newer and cheaper modes of advertisement, like the social networking sites. 2. Spend more on Banners, posters, Hoardings. 3. Stop the use of sportspersons and celebrities, as the same doesn’t have a long standing effect on the general public. 4. Remove the time lag between the promotion and the availability of new products in the market. Place- Place plays a vital role in the success of a company or a brand. The following are my recommendations for improving the market share: 1. Go to the newer potential places which have not been tapped earlier. 2. The untimely dispatch of goods from the depot to the super stockist needs to be taken care of as it may lead to cancellation of order bookings. 3. Unavailability of goods at certain periods needs to be taken care of with a proper distribution control. 4. Promotional events along with the distribution of brochures, stickers and leaflets should be done through sub-stockists and retailers which will help in increasing the brand value. ___________________________________________________________ References: During the preparation of this project, help and references has been taken from many web sites and blogs and articles. They are mentioned here: -Rasna Pvt Ltd. Official site. -Wikipedia-the free encyclopaedia -Puneet Tandon Blogs -Economic Times -Times of India Articles -4psbusinessand marketing.com

What Everybody Is Saying About Ged Writing Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong and Why

What Everybody Is Saying About Ged Writing Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong and Why When it's difficult to compose an essay in 45 minutes, start with taking more time. What are your goals for the following five decades. Then take a couple of minutes to brainstorm what you would like to say about that topic. Your score is going to be shown immediately after you complete the test. Part II is a test to figure out how well it's possible to use written language to spell out your ideas. Begin each paragraph by stating the most important point that you wish to speak about. The third type of question will request that you revise a couple of sentences in the paragraph. The second sort of question will underline part of a couple of sentences. The Upside to Ged Writing Essay Topics The absolute most clear and efficient writing is probably going to be the absolute most concise. Being stressed while it might keep your focus away from the task and affect the quality of your essay. Essay, then the odds are you will already understand what the initials stand for. The writing portion is a great indication of your thoughtfulness for a student and your capacity to recognize personal and professional circumstances and respond accordingly. Don't forget that you're NOT writing your opinion on the subject. In order to totally prepare for the writing, you want to understand the particular expectations. So as to compose a well-developed answer, you have to first break down the writing prompt. If you observe the particular example through, it's simpler for the reader to find out what you mean. The aim isn't simply to receive your GED, yet to move beyond. Your success on GED test day is dependent not simply on the number of hours that you put into preparing, but in addition on whether you prepared the proper way. As you could skip up ahead and jump right into your initial free try at the GED Practice Test, we recommend pausing a moment to receive your bearings so you can make the absolute most out of each attempt. One of the most difficult regions of the GED to get ready for is the writing portion. 1 part of your GED test is going to be to finish an essay. The GED asks test-takers to write on many different subject issue. Possessing a GED isn't necessarily a poor thing. Getting your GED does not need to be hard. On account of the increasing number of folks pursuing the GED, there's a demand for suggestions on how to get ready for the test. If you miss out on important information regarding the way the test questions are scored, you are not going to understand how to optimally employ your abilities. Before you commence studying, determine which test is given in your state. The test should display unique questions whenever you retake it. When you take a position, you want to use materials from the source text to strengthen your position. Be certain to include why it's strong support for this position. The sections aren't reported separately. The writing section needs a test taker to employ varied skills as a way to finish the section. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Ged Writing Essay Topics Add ideas for examples you need to have in your essay. How to compose the great ged essay. How to compose a perfect essay. The debut of an essay. Practicing the elements of excellent essay writing is helpful regardless of what topic you concentrate on. Does not imply that you can not make a grade an essay. When you're studying for you GED test, you get to a point in which you know you will have to compose an essay. Practice tests are useful since they show precisely where you should improve. If you still believe that you aren't that good at writing, then you ought to practice writing essays ahead of time and write at least one per day. Pro-papers is the paper writing service that's always prepared to cover enough to develop a good paper or admission professional essay writing help essay that will allow you to get into. An excellent vocabulary will permit you to express precisely what you mean, as clearly and concisely as possible. There are not any minor remarks.

Case Study The Acme Corporation - 2318 Words

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The Lolita Effect On Children s Health Network - 1275 Words

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US Space Program and Exploration Free Essays

NASA initiatives are critical to finding solutions to environmental issues. Personally I think that adequate usage of space science will allow astrophysicists to explore the universe and promote conclusive research. Such studies will not only answer pertinent societal issues but will also lead to the advancement of the society. We will write a custom essay sample on US Space Program and Exploration or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe that Space exploration is an Invaluable tool to the development of nature. On a personal point of view, space exploration adequate funding will assist in the advancing of cultures and societies. It is an issue that leads to individuals increasing heir Intent In the field of sciences and other fields. Despite the Issue having disputes, space exploration continues to receive substantial support from politicians and other individuals in the community. The world of today indicates that development In the field of science and technology will Improve the livelihood of societies. America is reducing its spending to NASA, which has the endorsement of overseeing most of the exploration initiatives. This is not appropriate given that other countries are continuing Investigation and success will have the Intention of bettering the livelihood of their citizens. I think space is currently at a critical level and the United States should strengthen its research initiatives. Space exploration has been leading studies of other planets and their behaviors. There is a statement that usually illicit mixed reaction in the community. There are individuals that state that it is essential to resolve issues of earth before the examination of other planets. There are different politicians that induce similar sentiments during their campaigns and political rallies. In 2006, news anchor Katie Court in commemoration of Sputnik. Said that NASA request for $17 billion was unbelievable. According to her, this amount of money could find application In a myriad of activities right here on earth. Analyzing the situation she failed to realize that space exploration will protect the world from potential threats. I have a belief that studying the universe will provide solutions to potential pandemics facing earth. Such pandemics include climate change and solar flares. The current problem of space exploration is misunderstanding. Many individuals consider It as an extravagant way of spending American citizen tax money. Politicians recommend that funding to NASA should stop. They propose that the government does transfer such funds towards societal projects such as health promotion. Before toys basis. My assessment is that the current problems stem from the fact that, during that period, development of airplanes for space exploration was for status. Nowadays, the reason leading to space exploration is to understand various phenomena occurring in the outer space and affecting the earth. Such explorations will assist in to an understanding of such aspects and develop relevant precautionary measures. In addition, it is possible to conduct exploration of Mars for the possibility f supporting human life. Another problem that I foresee hindering the development of space exploration is reports by media houses. Many people do not oppose to space exploration, but it is due to their lack of adequate information. Media only reports once things go wrong with organizations supporting exploration of the outer space. The impression that people acquire from media is that there is no benefit culminating from space exploration but extravagant usage of taxpayers’ money. Once individuals generate a perception concerning a something it is difficult to convince such people otherwise. It is difficult to pass the information that space exploration diverts resources of United States to initiatives that aim at solving earth problems. It is crucial for people to have the information that solutions to the current earth problems are in space so that they change their belief about space exploration. I think that solutions to these societal issues would require ensuring that citizens have adequate information that will allow them to make credible decisions. Many people believe that the government should divert NASA funding to societal programs. Looking at the 2007 budget directing NASA funding into social funding would mean increasing the later to $ 1. 597 trillion from $ 1. 581. I think it would be naive to think that a 0. 6% increment would have any significant impacts on society. On the other hand, cutting social spending by 1% would increase NASA spending by double. This would increase explorations in space that would provide solutions to a number of problems currently facing the world. Information acquisition can assist citizens to understand that exploring the outer space is not a waste of tax payer’s money. In addition, space program leads to the improvement of the society by providing amicable solutions. Politicians should also support the program if it will survive. Many politicians choose not to take part in the debate about exploration of the outer space. Interestingly, politicians continue to downplay the role of space exploration by indicating that it is worthless. Solving the current societal belief that US space program is not essential, space exploration require adequate support from politicians. Advocate of the program should also quit playing defensive and instead embrace their importance. They should insist on the government that the space program require extra funding by having significant scientific research and conclusions. If space programs focus on solving societal problems, there will be a shift from many people dismissing the program to supporting it. Studying the outer space and basing their research on issues that will lead to solving issues is the solution. Studies should include activities such as reducing the effects of solar flares on communication or climate change will lead to its support. Space programs and explorations are indispensable to the society of today. It has and observe all planets. This is through providing societies with adequate information regarding the outer space. In an example, research concerning Venus indicates that there is an alarming greenhouse effect. Currently, the world is grappling with the reality of deteriorating climate on earth. Studying the events leading to the current green house effects in Venus can assist in solving that problem. It would mean saving generations that would otherwise suffer if there is a lack of required information. If other countries explore and find such solutions it will mean that they will solve the problems of their country, which will advance such economies technologically. Observations made on planet mars indicate that it lacks water. There is no single river in Mars, which means that there were occurrences that lead to the disappearance of water in this planet. Governments would suffer embarrassment in the event of extinction of the world due to lack of proper exploration measures. US space programs are vital to societies of the earth if it will lead to the realization of solutions to problems affecting the world. It is a vital societal issue that require cautionary approach. On a personal point of view, United State government should increase funding of space programs. Failure to support this program will lead to its demise. Essential research will halt as a consequence of Space program failure. United States citizens will miss a pertinent opportunity to find solutions to their problems. I observe that space exploration program is crucial to the world of today. Discussions contained herein indicate that it lacks adequate information that leads to individuals’ hostility against the program. Many have a belief that it is wastage of taxpayers’ money. Research indicates that it is possible to solve certain societal issues using such programs. It is search realization that led countries such as India, Russia, and China to advance their technologies in this field. Observations of Venus could result to solutions to green house effects and the climate change. Successful research of Mars could provide adequate information regarding its lack of water, which could be a future problem to earth. Such solutions are societal and would lead to the development of the society and communities of United States and the world at large. It is in accordance with this I believe that United States government should increase its spending on space exploration programs. 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Report on Apple Inc.

Question: Describe about the Industry Report Annotated Bibliography of Apple Inc.? Answer: Introduction: In this report I will talk about the worlds largest communication and media devices providing company, I am really interested in this company and proving short overview of this company in the report. Apple Inc. manufactures and designs media devices along with their related software, services required to it, networking solution and applications. Company Background: Apple was established on 1st of April 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne and it is based American Corporation has its base in California and Cupertino. With the time Apple has brought significant reputation in the market and today it is known as giant company over the world for manufacturing and designing smart electronic products, software, and hardware and consumer electronics devices. Overview of the company: Iphone, ipad, Mac, ipod, Apple TV are the highest demanding devices with the software applications, there operating system includes iOS, Mac OS and offer various accessory and services like iCloud. The company sold its product worldwide through its online store, retail stores in sisteen countries and direct sale force (Apple, Inc., 2011). Employee: The company is continuing its investment in programs which enhance sale of the reseller. The company has approximately 72, 800 employees working full time for the company in sisteen countries and additional part time employees and contractors make the counting to 2,900 working in 10 countries. Company required specialist employee for different departments that are for development, design department, technical department, Analysis department, in manufacturing department, financial, promotion and so on. Company changes from establishment till now: The company was started in 1976 by Steve Jobs by that time he has 7000 employees, it seems vast but the founder does not stop there. He increases the permanent employee up to 46, 500 in just five years and the companys business become so powerful. Due to number of employees working the company produces a lot of work. It also creates lot of wealth for the lot of people consumed Apple Companys services and products. The company success does not stop there, Job think about the people who support Apple product, the companies that created programs for Apple devices (Jessica, 2013). Apple company also toped in its app download from app stores, Apple stores has over 425, 000 apps available not only this Google also shows that searches for the ipad sleeves are reached towards 60,000 per month. Also in 2011, Random House made catalog books and they made it available in only Apple iBookstore (Apple, Inc., 2011). I think these example are alone enough to show how this company boost its success from the year of staring to current business environment. The innovation have ripple effects not only for Apple but also for those who work for the company, for those who developed apps for Apple produces and those companies also growing and fulfilling their own entrepreneurial dreams. Social contribution of Apple Inc.: Apple Inc. has good social responsibility activity but they still needs to increase their rate to improve the confidence of their stakeholder and through this company reputation also goes on high. Apple is most loved and appreciated company worldwide, no one has doubt on this, but somewhere they lack in showing their social purpose. Apple is a remarkable company and known for its high business turnover, its designs are most innovative one, introducing interesting apps and media contents all are the important characteristics of Apple which make hard to resist the Apple products. Apple supports the development of the technology that make contribution of Apple towards social change and that technology also try to create change in the community for good things, Apple achieve this by developing apps on women security and through many other apps. The Supplier Code of Conduct is based upon particular standard which has recognized internationally and also works for advancements of social and environmental responsibility. Apple is large company and contributes towards the cause like helps towards the agencies and organization who research on most dangerous and life taking diseases, the creating the technologies which improves education. The manufacturing process carried in Apple is environmentally responsible. But the effort towards social well being is not much and it feel somewhere Apple is lacking in contributing on corporate social responsibility. They can support the development of innovative design which can apply for social change. Apple Inc. code of conduct (Ethics statement) The company is committed towards providing safe working conditions and supply chains to its worker. Employees working in Apple Inc. are treated with dignity and respect. The manufacturing process carried in Apple is environmentally responsible. Apple work with their supplier by ensuring all the commitments are according to the laws, rules and regulations as per the countries from the supplier belongs and operates (Kane and Ethan, 2011). The Supplier Code of Conduct is based upon particular standard which has recognized internationally and also works for advancements of social and environmental responsibility. Apple is very strict about implementation of this code of conduct using management systems. Apple authorities many times visit supplier facilities without notice. They access compliance of code and also perform audit, payroll and record of workers hours and practice. If Apple authorities found any breach or violation of Supplier Code of Conduct they terminate that supplier immediately and also perform legal action. The companys code of ethic is given below: Labor and Human Rights: It states that company must uphold human right of employees working for them and treat the employees with dignity and respect. Antidiscrimination: Company cannot discriminate any employees based on their race, age, gender, religion, ethnicity, national origin or marital status at the time of hiring or giving rewards or at the time of performance appraisal. Also company has to provide safety environment to its worker. Apple Supplier Code of Conduct: Fair Treatment: It is the responsibility of supplier to make its workplace free from any type of harassment. Supplier shall not threaten any of their worker in condition suppose to be harsh or inhumane treatment, which include sexual harassment, sexual and verbal abuse, unreasonable restrictions and so on. Prevention of Involuntary Labor and Human Trafficking: Supplier shall not use any type of slave, forced or prison labor. All workers working must be voluntary and workers also have the right to leave or terminate the work with reasonable notice (Brownlee, 2010). It is supplier responsibility to ensure that the worker appointed on contract should clearly convey and understood all the conditions of employment and contract should be in the language they understood. Health and Safety: Apple Inc. recognizes that if they want to maintain high morale of their employees and to produce innovative product, it is vital to integrate the health and safety management tools into their business aspects. Supplier also requires committing towards proving healthy working environment to their workers. Occupational Injury Prevention: It is supplier responsibility that they should eliminate physical hazards. If there are such situation where physical hazards cannot be eliminated there supplier shall appoint the appropriate engineering controls like physical guards, barriers and interlocks. Prevention of Chemical Exposure: Apple Inc. has ethical responsibility to make their product and the company free from chemical exposure issue. Chemical related products can strongly affect health of the employees. Annotated Bibliography: 1. Jessica E. (August 22, 2013). "Exclusive: Apple Buys (Another) Map App, Embark". Jessica Lessin. Jessica Lessin. Retrieved March 16, 2015It is the blog written by Jessica in 2013, here she explains about Apple buying the smaller technology companies, in order to increase its development and make the strongest position company worldwide. The blog is talking about the Embark company which develops apps, Apple buy that company and integrate its technology on Apple Map. 2. Apple and the Environment, Apple, https://www.apple.com/environment/#recycling (accessed March 16, 2015)This site talks about the Apples responsibility towards the environment. Apple know that climate change is real problem and also accept that they use lot of energy and material to build their products. Hence they have found the ways through which use energy and material efficiently and trying to get energy from cleaner sources. 3. Apple, Inc., Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report, February 2011.It in clude and talk about suppliers responsibility, Supplier shall not threaten any of their worker in condition suppose to be harsh or inhumane treatment, which include sexual harassment, sexual and verbal abuse, unreasonable restrictions and so on.4. Brownlee, J. (July 7, 2010) What Its Like To Work At Apple, Cult of Mac, https://www.cultofmac.com/what-its-like-to-work-at-apple (accessed June 6, 2011).5. Steven Russolillo, Kodak Obtains Favorable Ruling In Apple Patent Lawsuit, The Wall Street Journal, May 13, 2011,6. Kane, Y. I., and Ethan, S., (June 1, 2011) Apple Readies iCloud Service, The Wall Street Journal, , B1